To make a solar still of this type, youll need to make a box out of plywood. Then, clean water is collected for drinking or cooking. Build your own diy water distiller to use in an emergency or when no water is available. Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Solar still construction a solar still distills, or purifies, water by turning saltwater into fresh water using the sun and gravity. The technology is simple in design and use and is discribed by simple pictograms. A solar still is an artificial water purifier that imitates the natural mechanism used by nature to purify water. A still is used to distill the water by separating out dirt and some bacteria. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched. We made a very simpler version of a solar still with a glass bowl, a small glass jar and plastic wrap. Single slope solar still can be considered as one of the cheapest solutions for. Rays from the sun heat up the salty water in the bowl. Flow through system was applied to the meb and stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still.
Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Brackish water, or organic matter is carefully placed inside solar still via an inlet near the base of the still. Water that is not properly treated or filtered can contain all types of harmful compounds. Best practices for building your own solar water distiller found while watching hours of bad and soso videos are below. In areas where a solar still or a transpiration bag would be needed such as arid desert regions, the water produced is not sufficient for long term survival. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. Single slope solar water still sultan qaboos university.
May 12, 2015 introduction to the model sws200 wick design solar water still manufactured by doright solar. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. Water evaporates onto a piece of glass or plastic leaving dirt and bacteria in the bottom. Productivity enhancement of solar still with pv powered heating. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Build a solar water still to clean dirty water and make it safe to drink. There are many amazing diy water distiller designs you can easily make at home. Most of the water resources are under the stage of depletion.
The solar water distiller is a relatively new comer. Sep 17, 2012 make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. I have been wanting to do this project for some time now. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. Make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it. Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day.
The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at. Solar energy can be used both directly and indirectly. I only drink distilled water and it has changed my life. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single. The future of solar water pumping this has made a significant impact for solar water pumping installations, now with significantly shorter roi periods making for a more viable longterm installation. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film.
A solar still distills water using energy from the sun. Pdf design and construction of solar stillsolar water heater. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distil. Jamies solar still a small homemade solar still how to make a solar still safety tip. The system consists of a conventional single basin solarstill and a windwater heater operating simultaneously.
The experimental tests were conducted for five months in the city of kirkuk, north of iraq, at 43. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. A solar still has water and glass temperatures equal to 55 c and 45 c, respectively. How to build a solarpowered still to purify drinking water. Build a solar water distiller diy alternative energy. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Solar still is an economical and easy method for production of pure water. When you leave your solar still out in the sun, it causes the water to heat up. In conclusion, the illustrated design degrades quickly, scales poorly, and has grave, longterm environmental consequences. Experimental and theoretical approaches were carried out to design and test multistage solar still. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households.
Comparative study of innovative solar still modifications. Thats why a solar sea water still could be suitable for infrequent, individual use, but would be unsuitable for longterm provision of water to the public. L shape solar still produce average distilled water was 925 mlday which was very low among the all type of solar still. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. A great way to ensure your water is suitable to drink is to distill it. The more air you let in, the slower the evaporation process and hence, the slower the condensation process meaning less drinkable water produced. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Solar stills can serve the purpose of basic drinking water requirements of man. The thermal efficiency of the solar still over a day was predicted at different.
Effect of glass inclination angle on solar still performance. The solar option and parabolic through water heating solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy. First, the water that needs to be purified is placed in the trough with the black bottom. It can be used directly in a variety of thermal applications like heating water of air, drying, distillation, and cooking. Eliodomestico is an open project, free to the people who need it. Although the cloudy weather and solar flux fluctuation can significantly degrade the overall performance, this tenstage tmss prototype still demonstrates a recordhigh outdoor productivity compared with current stateoftheart technologies. If the convective heat transfer coefficient from water surface to glass is 2. However, in order for the household solar still to be a viable source of water the yield needs to increase. The following design considerations and testing suggestions aim to address this issue. Jul 06, 2016 i have been wanting to do this project for some time now. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar water. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it.
Surgical tubing can be used to draw the water out of the still without the need to remove the plastic sheet. When the water gets warm, it evaporates and becomes a gas. W shape two channels solar still was also erected over the cement block plate 5 for performance of distilled water. We will use the suns radiation to help us to distill water. Because of this change in temperature, the water evaporates, changing from a liquid to a gas. Single slope solar still, cfd introduction now days, lack of drinking water is majour problem in most of the countries.
The solar still is then allowed to sit in the sun, which allows the still to absorb the suns shortwave energy. Solar distillation uses simple device called solar distillates in a process similar to the natural evaporation of water by sun heat. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. Why cant solar stills convert sea water into fresh water. When the gas rises and hits the plastic wrap, it turns back into water droplets. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. As the energy is absorbed, it starts to heat the water. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. Water water catcher, solar still, canteen food help to preserve food for this article we will use the clear plastic to catch the condensed water from our solar still. Eliodomestico is a solar household still for the developing countries.
Solar water distillers or solar stills are usually used in remote areas where there is limited access to freshwater. Modeling and analysis of unsteadystate thermal performance of a. We are hoping this can be done after time is spent developing a more efficient solar still that produces more than we were able to with our design. Caseta solar stills two sides installed on rooftops of old havana. Small contaminants may still be present which can make you sick. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. The constants c and n are determined experimentally and found to be c 0. Department of the interior, washington, dc 20240, offers an extensive bibliography of relevant reports available from the national technical information service. Nov 20, 2015 water that is not properly treated or filtered can contain all types of harmful compounds.
Keep in mind that soil contains a certain level of moisture. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still. A cpc concentric tubular solar still design with a rectangular absorber is presented as shown in figures 11, 12, and 14 and the specification shown in table 1. The still consisted mainly of a base unit, made from galvanized steel, and a glass cover. The sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at an inclination which enables the collected water 4.
Pdf design and analysis of solar still researchgate. Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Pdf in this communication, an attempt has been made to find out the effect of water capacity on internal and external heat transfer for a solar. The bottom inner surface of the base unit is painted black and the inner side walls are painted white. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. This invention represents a conical, selfsupporting and stackable unit made from transparent, thermoformable polycarbonate same as water dispensers outfitted with a screw cap spout at the tip and an inward circular collecting trough at the base. Comparative cost of compact nature of solar stills like single slope, double slope and wick type solar. Wshape solar still on concrete with two channel low cost lshape solar still. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the solar still basin. In addition, the office of water research and technology, u. The resulting still yielded a maximum efficiency of 49% against 3035% in the case with no gel. You cant see it well in the picture, but the white line at the back of the still is a door, which flips down to allow the water pans to be placed inside it. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. Pdf solar stillsolar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and constructed and tested in this study.
Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a water. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. To make clean water and provide usable water we have best alternative source of energy is a solar energy. The details of various heat transfers in solar still are shown in figure 2.
The purification of liquids such as desalination or distillation of water, using solar radiation as an energy source, is a technique that provides great economic savings in terms of electricity and oil consumption, without decreases in product quality. Using a solar energy in water desalination system is regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve the problem of freshwater shortages in this world. With just a few basic building materials, a sheet of glass. Aug 22, 2018 a solar still is an artificial water purifier that imitates the natural mechanism used by nature to purify water. Like the natural hydrological cycle, the sun drives the process of purification.
Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. The cost required to erect w shape solar still on ground and cement were rs. The inner and outer circular tubes are positioned with a 5 mm gap for the flowing water and air to cool the outer surface of the inner tube. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the. The pump is powered by a goal zero solar generator. Thus, the use of solar energy with water distillers has a long history and the technology is well improved and field tested throughout the world. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. For countries like india, the domestic solar still is a viable safe water technology avvannavar et al. Distillation process uses solar radiation, which is a form of thermal energy produced by a multistage solar still connected to a parabolic trough collector to improve its performance and to increase production of distilled drinking water. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. Aug 24, 2014 build a solar water distiller whether you need water for your iron or water to drink, this project is easy and inexpensive and can be scaled up as needed. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit.
Distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. A solar still is an apparatus exposed to solar radiation that consists essentially of a basin with a solar collector where saline water is deposited. Heat transfer mode in solar water distillation system the heat transfer in solar still is mainly classified into two ways, internal and external heat transfer. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center. This project is not really expensive and lots of you can make this at home too. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon.