This paper provides an updated information on microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants towards the better understanding in bioremediation challenges. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the. Hydrocarbons differ in their susceptibility to microbial attack. A process for the microbial degradation of petroleum or oily waste materials which comprises treating the petroleum or oily waste with a strain of candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis or candida utilis for a sufficient time until degradation has been achieved. Rates of biodegradation depend greatly on the composition, state, and concentration of the oil or hydrocarbons, with dispersion and emulsification. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Microbial degradation of model petroleum at low temperatures. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants. It may be concluded that microbial degradation can be considered as a key component in the cleanup strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon remediation.
The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microorganisms is mainly caused by the catalysis of. The susceptibility of hydrocarbons to microbial degradation can be generally ranked as follows. Some microorganisms have ability to degrade aliphatics, some can degrade monoaromatics or polyaromatics while others degrade resins. An overview on microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants 35. Microbial petroleum degradation enhancement by oil spill.
More particularly, it relates to a method for degrading petroleum substances, whether crude or refined, by means of microorganisms as a way of, for example, cleaning up oil spillage as it may occur on the open sea, inland fresh waters, sandy beaches, shingle beaches, rockbound shore. Many indigenous microorganisms in water and soil are able to degrading hydrocarbon contaminants. One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. The process is used, for example, to clean up oil spillage as it may occur on the open sea, inland fresh waters, beaches, rockbound shore lines, harbors, etc. Reported degradation rates vary considerably because hydrocarbon composition depends on the source of the petroleum and age of the spill. Bacteria are reported as primary degraders and most active agents in petroleum pollutant degradation atlas, 1981, varjani and upasani, 2012, abbasian et al. Microbial degradation of oil has been shown to occur by attack on aliphatic or light aromatic fractions of the oil, with highmolecularweight aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes considered to be recalcitrant or. Microbial degradation of product 10 could be producing. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a complex process that depends on the nature and on the amount of the hydrocarbons. Bioremediation functions basically on biodegradation, which may refer to complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic. These bacteria and fungi require two things to thrive, food and water. There are various bacterial genera namely, gordonia, brevibacterium, aeromicrobium, dietzia, burkholderia, and the most rapid and complete degradation of the.
Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism by which one can cleanup the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment 2426. Oil degradation potential of microbial communities in. Microbial contamination of fuel is caused by two main groups of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi. Microbial biomass, community structure, carbon sources were assessed at two study sites. Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant petroleum.
Increasing knowledge on microbial enzymes able to degrade petroleum. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a. The microorganism strains employed have a broad spectrum of degradation capability and are capable of degrading crude petroleum as. Ose ii grew the highest number of oil degrading bacteria at 107. The alephatics the aromatics the asphaltenes phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and porphyrins, and the resins pyridines, quinolines. More particularly, it relates to a method for degrading petroleum substances, whether crude or refined, by means of microorganisms as a way of, for example, cleaning up oil spillage as it may occur on the open sea, inland fresh waters, sandy beaches, shingle beaches, rockbound.
The recognition of biodegraded petroleumderived aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments was reported by jones et al. Biodegradation of petroleum compound using the bacterium. Mechanism of microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants. Pdf principles of microbial degradation of petroleum. Microbial degradation process aids the elimination of spilled oil from the environment after critical removal of large amounts of the oil by various physical and. Backbone structural formula of widely used petroleumbased plastics plasticseurope, 2016. An analytical procedure is presented for obtaining detailed characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons which undergo microbial degradation. Studying the mechanism of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants is conducive to exploring the path of petroleum pollution remediation technology and improving the efficiency of. Bacterial strains were isolated from the crude oil contaminated soil sample. In order to achieve better treatment effects, the microbial degradation method is currently used to treat petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Ecological aspects of microbial degradation of petroleum in the marine environment. Table 1 microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon.
The biodegraded petroleumderived aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments by arthrobacter, burkholderia, mycobacterium, pseudomonas, sphingomonas, and rhodococcus were found to be very effective jones et al. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. The degradation capacity of any microbial culture is not necessarily the result of merely adding the capacities of the individual. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in the environment. According to the increased dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase activities, the exogenetic glucose substantially activated hydrocarbon degradation bacteria such as alcanivorax. A process for the microbial degradation of petroleum by treating the petroleum or oil with particular microorganisms which are capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as an energy and carbon source. Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant. Most microbial oil degradation occurs by aerobic degradation. Efforts to understand biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons home. A process for the microbial degradation of aqueous polluting petroleum and oily wastes which comprises treating the petroleum or oily waste with at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of candida lipolytica 2005 atcc 20255, candida lipolytica 2002 atcc 20362, candida lipolytica 2003 atcc 20363, and candida lipolytica 2004 atcc 20364, and mutants thereof in. Many types of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae isolated from different petroleum contaminated sites have demonstrated their ability to dispose of petroleum pollutants in competition with other. Several investigators have examined the po tential activities of hydrocarbondegrading bac.
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons e. Pdf one of the emerging environmental challenges today is hydrocarbon pollution arising from activities of petrochemical industries, natural. Oil degradation potential of microbial communities in water. Several microbial populations have been detected in petroleum contaminated soils or water.
An overview on microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Microbialdegradationof petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a complex process that depends on the nature and on the amount of the hydrocarbons present. Often this involves using the enzymatic capabilities of the indigenous hydrocarbon. Although several redox enzymes have been found to contribute to the degradation of pe, a complete. Frontiers petroleum hydrocarbondegrading bacteria for. The movement and the allocation of the oil and the existence of particles affect its physical and chemical nature which consequently affects the microbial degradation.
Microbial degradation of petroleum biodegradation of hcs is a complex process depending on. Two areas of chesapeake bay, colgate creek in baltimore harbor and eastern bay, are presently under study, with routine sampling of water and sediment for petroleumdegrading microorganisms bacteria, yeasts, and fungi by direct plating and enrichment culture. Selected physical and chemical parameters are recorded for each sampling site, and water and sediment samples are extracted for. Oct 30, 1973 background of the invention this invention relates to a process for the microbial degradation of petroleum. Thekey differences between petroleum biodegradation in soil and aquatic ecosystems following an oil spill, discussed bybossert andbartha29, are related to the movementand distribution ofthe oil andthe presenceofparticulate matter, eachofwhichaffects thephysicalandchemicalnature ofthe oil and hence its susceptibility to microbial degradation. This phenomenon, strongly suggests that each strain or genera has its role in hydrocarbon transformation processes. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and. We are committed to sharing findings related to covid19 as quickly and safely as possible. These microorganisms, also called hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms, can degrade hydrocarbons and, include a wide distribution of bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and some fungi. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 5. The procedure includes column chromatographic separation and characterization of the resulting fractions by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Microbial hydrocarbon degradationbioremediation of oil. Enhanced biodegradation of aged petroleum hydrocarbons in. Selected physical and chemical parameters are recorded for each sampling site, and water and sediment samples are.
Microorganisms will degrade fuels and fuel systems if left unchecked. Many microorganisms have evolved the ability to feed on naturally occurring petroleum hydrocarbons, which they use as sources of carbon and energy to make new microbial cells. The charge output of soil microbial fuel cells mfcs was enhanced by 262%, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate increased by 200%. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons springerlink. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons sciencedirect. Aug 20, 2014 microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. A fieldlevel feasibility study was conducted to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon tphdegrading potential of two bacterial strains, bacillus thuringiensis b3 and b. The extensive biodegradation of alkyl aromatics occurred prior to detectable.
Greasy spot test was used as the primary indicator of microbial degradation of kerosene, diesel and engine oil. Induced degradation of crude oil mediated by microbial. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from refinery. The biodegraded petroleum derived aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments by arthrobacter, burkholderia, mycobacterium, pseudomonas, sphingomonas, and rhodococcus were found to be very effective jones et al. Ecological aspects of microbial degradation of petroleum in the. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Factors affecting in biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Evaluation of petroleum degrading potential of bacteria from water and sediment. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the major practices in natural decontamination process. Frontiers petroleum hydrocarbondegrading bacteria for the. Microbial degradation ofhydrocarbons in the environment. Recently, microbial remediation technology has developed rapidly and. Aspects from oil reservoir determining microbial degradation for a long time, the mechanism considered to be prevalent for oil degradation in petroleum reservoirs was the well documented aerobic microbial metabolism and it has long been thought that the flow of oxygen through meteoric waters was necessary for inreservoir petroleum. Nine bacterial strains, namely, pseudomonas fluorescens, p. Microbial petroleum degradation enhancement by oil spill bioremediation products a report submitted to the texas general land office october 12, 1995 principal investigators. However, many fungi of marine origin are also capable of effective oildegradation 69.
A process for the microbial degradation of aqueous polluting petroleum and oily wastes which comprises treating the petroleum or oily waste with at least one microorganism selected from the group consisting of candida lipolytica 2005 atcc 20255, candida lipolytica 2002 atcc 20362, candida lipolytica 2003 atcc 20363, and candida lipolytica 2004 atcc 20364, and mutants thereof in an. Biodegradation of oil constituents without oxygen is much slower but anoxic processes may be relevant to the longterm restoration efforts. Microbial degradation is the major and ultimate natural mechanism by which one can clean up the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment. Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds bind to soil components, and they are difficult to be removed or degraded. Biotechnology journal international, 24567051,vol 22, issue 2. Microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants employs the enzyme catalytic activities of microorganisms to enhance the rate of pollutants degradation. The degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon in the actual environment is the result of these factors acting on the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacteria, which has led to most microbial remediation technologies taking a long time, especially when compared to physicochemical remediation techniques. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons of pco in sea water by identified bacteria identified bacteria 16 h old, 5. Colwell department ofmicrobiology, university ofmaryland, college park, maryland20742 received for publication 24 october 1973 methodsofexamining hydrocarbons to estimate the microbial degradation of petroleum are compared. For a long time, the mechanism considered to be prevalent for oil degradation in petroleum reservoirs was the well documented aerobic microbial metabolism and it has long been thought that the flow of oxygen through meteoric waters was necessary for inreservoir petroleum biodegradation. Keywords biostimulation bioaugmentation microbial consortia crude oil degradation total petroleum hydrocarbon introduction according to the report of ieo 2014, worldwide consumption of petroleum and other liquid fuels rises to 98. The degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon in the actual environment is the result of these factors acting on the petroleum hydrocarbondegradation bacteria, which has led to most microbial remediation technologies taking a long time, especially when compared to physicochemical remediation techniques.
Microbial degradation of crude oil by fungi pregrown on. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and factors. This mechanism has been widely accepted despite the fact that oxygen would likely be consumed by. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical stream in lagos, nigeria was reported by adebusoye et al. Petroleum microbiology is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms that can metabolize or alter crude or refined petroleum products. The selected two bacterial strains were named as db1 and db2. Prior studies suggest a halflife for petroleum mixtures of approximately 2 months stewart et. Bioremediation of sites polluted with crude oil are oftentimes limited because of the poor biodiversity of local microbes or the scarcity of local specialized. Pdf microbial degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons.